Engineering Bioactive M2 Macrophage-Polarized Anti-Inflammatory,Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Scaffolds for Rapid Angiogenesis and Diabetic Wound Repair

Diabetic wound healing still faces great challenges due to the excessive inflammation, easy infection, and impaired angiogenesis in wound beds. The immunoregulation of macrophages polarization toward M2 phenotype that facilitates the transition from inflammation to proliferation phase has been proved to be an effective way to improve diabetic wound healing. Herein, an M2 phenotype-enabled anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial conductive hydrogel scaffolds (GDFE) for producing rapid angiogenesis and diabetic wound repair are reported. The GDFE scaffolds are fabricated facilely through the dynamic crosslinking between polypeptide and polydopamine and graphene oxide. The GDFE scaffolds possess thermosensitivity, self-healing behavior, injectability, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability, and electronic conductivity. GDFE effectively activates the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype and significantly promotes the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts, the migration, and in vitro angiogenesis of endothelial cells through paracrine mechanisms. The in vivo results from a full-thickness diabetic wound model demonstrate that GDFE can rapidly promote the diabetic wound repair and skin regeneration, through fast anti-inflammation and angiogenesis and M2 macrophage polarization. This study provides highly efficient strategy for treating diabetic wound repair through designing the M2 polarization-enabled anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial bioactive materials.     

Engineering 2D Arsenic-Phosphorus Theranostic Nanosheets

As an anticancer drugs, arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been certified to efficiently treat refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Unfortunately it suffers from limited therapeutic potency for solid tumors due to its in vivo restricted administration dose and rapid renal clearance. Herein, distinct 2D arsenic-phosphorus (AsP) nanosheets are engineered by adopting an alloy strategy followed by exfoliation, which can confine toxic arsenic into AsP crystals, thus significantly improving the biosafety and biocompatibility of arsenic-based chemotherapeutic drugs. Of particular note, the high light absorption and strong photothermal-conversion efficiency (37.6%) in the second near infrared biowindow (NIR-II) of AsP nanosheets not only endow them with desirable contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging properties, but also achieve efficient local tumor hyperthermia, which further synergistically triggers the in-situ transformation from low toxic/nontoxic AsP crystals into highly toxic arsenic species, exerting a strong arsenic-mediated antineoplastic effect. Both in vitro and in vivo data verify the synergy between photonic therapy in NIR-II and enhanced chemotherapy as enabled by AsP nanosheets, paving the way for efficient nanomedicine-enabled arsenic-based chemotherapeutic tumor treatment.     

Efficient Visible-to-UV Photon Upconversion Systems Based on CdS Nanocrystals Modified with Triplet Energy Mediators

Developing high-performance visible-to-UV photon upconversion systems based on triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is highly desired, as it provides a potential approach for UV light-induced photosynthesis and photocatalysis. However, the quantum yield and spectral range of visible-to-UV TTA-UC based on nanocrystals (NCs) are still far from satisfactory. Here, three different sized CdS NCs are systematically investigated with triplet energy transfer to four mediators and four annihilators, thus substantially expanding the available materials for visible-to-UV TTA-UC. By improving the quality of CdS NCs, introducing the mediator via a direct mixing fashion, and matching the energy levels, a high TTA-UC quantum yield of 10.4% (out of a 50% maximum) is achieved in one case, which represents a record performance in TTA-UC based on NCs without doping. In another case, TTA-UC photons approaching 4 eV are observed, which is on par with the highest energies observed in optimized organic systems. Importantly, the in-depth investigation reveals that the direct mixing approach to introduce the mediator is a key factor that leads to close to unity efficiencies of triplet energy transfer, which ultimately governs the performance of NC-based TTA-UC systems. These findings provide guidelines for the design of high-performance TTA-UC systems toward solar energy harvesting.     

Bioinspired Supramolecular Slippery Organogels for Controlling Pathogen Spread by Respiratory Droplets

Surface-deposited pathogens are sources for the spread of infectious diseases. Protecting public facilities with a replaceable or recyclable antifouling coating is a promising approach to control pathogen transmission. However, most antifouling coatings are less effective in preventing pathogen-contained respiratory droplets because these tiny droplets are difficult to repel, and the deposited pathogens can remain viable from hours to days. Inspired by mucus, an antimicrobial supramolecular organogel for the control of microdroplet-mediated pathogen spread is developed. The developed organogel coating harvests a couple of unique features including localized molecular control-release, readily damage healing, and persistent fouling-release properties, which are preferential for antifouling coating. Microdroplets deposited on the organogel surfaces will be spontaneously wrapped with a thin liquid layer, and will therefore be disinfected rapidly due to a mechanism of spatially enhanced release of bactericidal molecules. Furthermore, the persistent fouling-release and damage-healing properties will significantly extend the life-span of the coating, making it promising for diverse applications.     

深竖井大吨位提升机高比压高摩擦因数衬垫的研制

针对深竖井、大吨位的提升条件下,摩擦衬垫需要高比压和高摩擦因数的难题,在工况分析和参数设计的基础上,研制了比压为2.5 MPa、摩擦因数为0.28的摩擦衬垫,并分别对衬垫的稳定性、抗比压能力、硬度特性、压力特性和磨损情况进行试验.委托第三方检测验证,衬垫的比压试验值达到9.8 MPa,摩擦因数试验值达到0.381,满足实验室的指标要求.     

Effects of Agaricus bisporus on gel properties of chicken myofibrillar protein

The gel-forming ability of myofibrillar protein (MP) is highly correlated with the characteristics of emulsified meat products. Incorporation of Agaricus bisporus (Ab) powder into MP gels may enhance its gel properties to facilitate the development of a novel and safe meat product. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Ab powder on gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC), texture, rheological behaviour, LF-NMR spin–spin relaxation (T₂), microstructure and protein secondary structure of the MP gel system. The results indicated that the gel strength, WHC, G' value and G" value were significantly improved when the addition of Ab powder increased from 0% to 6% (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the T₂ relaxation time was shortened, and free water was transformed into immobilised water. The texture of the gel was improved when 1%–4% Ab powder was added compared to the control. Furthermore, Ab filled in the gel network and promoted the unfolding of MP α-helix and the formation of MP β-sheet during the thermal denaturation of MP, leading to a dense aggregated network structure. The study suggested that Ab could be a promising ingredient in improving chicken MP's gel properties and developing fat-reduced meat products.     

Physiochemical structure of semicoke derived from co-carbonization of coal and sawdust blends

The substitution of coal blending with sawdust had been widely investigated for metallurgical coke production. In this paper, the physiochemical structures of the semicoke derived from sawdust/coals blends co-coking were characterized by several analytical techniques including FTIR-ATR, XPS, NMR, OM, and SEM. Meanwhile, the influence of the sawdust on the physicochemical properties of the sawdust/coals blends were also investigated. Results indicated that partial substitution of coal blending with sawdust benefited from the formation of colloid and optical anisotropy due to the positive synergetic effect, whereas high proportion of sawdust (>10 wt%) inhibited the agglomeration of semi-coke. On the other hand, the semicoke consisted primarily of aromatic carbons replaced by the oxygen linked to carbons and aliphatic carbons when the coal blending was replaced by high proportion of sawdust, causing a less polyaromatic graphite-like structure formation in the semicoke.     

基于纸浆纤维的贵重物品内包装塑造系统研究

为解决贵重物品与其内包装“契合度”不高的问题，提出基于纸浆纤维的贵重物品内包装塑造系统。系统通过三维扫描获取待包装物品的点云信息，经主控计算机进行数据处理，以下位机为执行中枢，辅之其他外部设备，利用纸浆纤维为贵重物品塑造“量身定制”的内包装，提升内包装契合度，增强保护效果，绿色环保，安全稳定。     

丁二酸酐酯化改性糯米淀粉的研究

目的 为了提高糯米淀粉的粘度，以达到标签胶的要求。方法 对糯米淀粉进行丁二酸酐酯化改性，通过单因素试验及响应面优化确定出最佳酯化条件，测定其理化性质，并对其进行结构表征。结果 丁二酸酐酯化改性糯米淀粉的最优工艺条件：丁二酸酐添加量（丁二酸酐占淀粉干基的质量百分比）为10.3%，酯化温度为41.5℃，酯化时间为2.0 h,pH为9.0，在此条件下制得的糯米淀粉胶的粘度较高，可达到61.6 Pa·s，且溶解性与溶胀度均有不同程度的提高。电镜与热力学性质分析表明，酯化后淀粉颗粒结晶结构受到破坏，表面粗糙，出现凹陷与裂缝。结论 经过丁二酸酐酯化后，糯米淀粉胶的粘度得到提高。     

Visual privacy attacks and defenses in deep learning: a survey

The concerns on visual privacy have been increasingly raised along with the dramatic growth in image and video capture and sharing. Meanwhile, with the recent breakthrough in deep learning technologies, visual data can now be easily gathered and processed to infer sensitive information. Therefore, visual privacy in the context of deep learning is now an important and challenging topic. However, there has been no systematic study on this topic to date. In this survey, we discuss algorithms of visual privacy attacks and the corresponding defense mechanisms in deep learning. We analyze the privacy issues in both visual data and visual deep learning systems. We show that deep learning can be used as a powerful privacy attack tool as well as preservation techniques with great potential. We also point out the possible direction and suggestions for future work. By thoroughly investigating the relationship of visual privacy and deep learning, this article sheds insights on incorporating privacy requirements in the deep learning era.